Growing tomatoes in a greenhouse. Seed preparation. Care, protection

Growing tomatoes in a greenhouse: complete instructions

Content:

The article discusses in detail the cultivation of tomatoes in a greenhouse: preparation and planting of seeds, picking, feeding scheme, types of fertilizers, features of care.

Greenhouse tomatoes ripen faster than outdoors. Therefore, proper care of greenhouse plants is important. The main rule is the correct feeding of plants.

The main dressings are divided into organic and mineral. Mineral fertilizers are more economical to use.

In order for the soil to remain suitable for long-term use, it is better to combine fertilizers. Then the tomatoes will be juicy, large and dense.

Growing tomatoes in a greenhouse: requirements

The main elements in dressing are N, K and P. They are used in stages. This can be determined by the external condition of the plant.
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The condition of the soil is important. Acidic soil leads to plant disease. This is a big problem, and tomatoes cannot be grown together with cucumbers in the same greenhouse. Different requirements for the air environment and, in general, for their care.

Growing tomatoes in a greenhouse: when to start planting seeds for seedlings

With the onset of the first spring month - March, you should start growing seedlings. Before planting, it should already be strong with good weight. Sluggish seedlings should be removed immediately so that they do not take up space in the greenhouse. Before planting seeds, you need to test them for quality. Do not use hybrid seeds.

Tomatoes in the greenhouse: preparing seeds for planting

Before planting seeds for growing seedlings, they must be properly prepared.

First, you need to test the seeds for germination. To do this, they are dipped in salt water (a teaspoon of salt per 200 g of water). After a while, the floating seeds must be removed. They are not suitable for planting. Treat the remaining seeds in special solutions.

Several solutions can be prepared for this purpose. The choice is yours.
1. Baking soda solution: dilute ten grams of soda in one liter of water, dip the seeds into the solution and stand for 24 hours.
2. A solution of succinic acid: 15 g per liter of water. Leave the seeds in the solution for 24 hours.
3. In potassium permanganate. Prepare a one percent solution of potassium permanganate. Hold the seeds in the solution for twenty minutes. Rinse in clean water. Can be planted.
4. Prepare a 2% hydrogen peroxide solution. Dip the seeds in the solution for thirty minutes. Rinse in clean water. Can be planted.

Soaking the seeds in these solutions increases their resistance to disease.

Germination conditions

For germination of seeds, it is necessary that the air temperature in the room be + 25 degrees. Place the seeds in a cotton cloth and place them in a container with a little water. After a week, the seeds will hatch. Seeds that have sprouted before and have not hatched are thrown away.
Sprouted seeds can be planted in the ground.
Previously, the land must be treated with mineral fertilizer.

What is the essence of the pick

The pick begins when real 2-3 leaves appear. Dives should be carried out frequently. From this, the bushes will be strong.
When the bushes have taken root, you need to feed them. Urea is preferred: 5:10.
When spraying, the solution should not fall on the leaves.

Top dressing tomatoes in the greenhouse

Infusions are prepared from chicken droppings or manure: the ingredients are placed in containers by half and filled with water to the top. Withstand ten days with constant stirring. When watering, infused solutions are additionally diluted with water: manure infusion - 1:15, chicken manure infusion - 1:20.

Important!
1. It is impossible to fertilize plants with manure and droppings in their natural state.
2. Abundant watering is not recommended. It is impossible to overmoisten the earth. Saplings can get sick.

Feed the seedlings two weeks after the seedlings are planted in the greenhouse.
Time depends on:
- when the ovary appeared;
- how quickly the greens grew;
- from the speed of fruit ripening.

Characteristics of organic fertilizers

The main fertilizer for feeding is organic. It includes compost, manure, chicken droppings, and ash.
1. The main nutrients are found in manure and chicken droppings, but they are used only in infused solutions, since in their natural form they can burn the roots of plants.

These fertilizers in their natural form are applied to the soil only in the fall after the harvest has been harvested. They need to be overheated to reduce the aggressiveness of the ammonia contained in their composition. To help soil bacteria to process manure and chicken droppings, it is recommended to add the preparation "Baikal EM - 1" to the ground.

It is recommended to apply superphosphate or phosphate rock together with manure, that is, substances containing phosphorus.
Fishmeal can also be added at the same time. It gives the earth its useful elements.
Dosage of manure: 5-6 kg, and bone meal - 200 grams per square meter.

2. Ash
Ash contains phosphorus. Thanks to the ash, the roots of plants easily assimilate N and K.
For watering the plant, two glasses of ash are taken and diluted in ten liters of water. Water after a week. At the same time, there will be no need to feed with microelements: there are enough of them in the ash.

3. Compost
This is the best form of feeding. The disadvantage is the long cooking time. In a special container, lay the earth, mullein, grass, chicken droppings in layers. This container is heated to 70 degrees in order to destroy pests. This compost is rich in organic matter.
They bring it into the ground when digging before planting seedlings and in the fall after harvesting.

Characteristics of mineral fertilizers

It is an economical fertilizer.
For growing hybrid tomatoes, the use of organic matter alone is not enough. The flesh of the tomato will be tough with white stripes. The plant dries up due to the lack of phosphorus in the top dressing. Roots without phosphorus do not absorb potassium, which has a beneficial effect on the pulp of the fruit.

Feed in July:
- superphosphates, potassium magnesium and fertilizers containing phosphorus. Dosage according to the instructions.
During growth, it is necessary to combine organic matter and mineral fertilizers. Ash and bone meal have a beneficial effect on plant growth. They need to be added alternately during the growing season. The calcium in the fertilizer forms the texture of the fruit and improves the taste.

Growing tomatoes in a greenhouse: possible diseases

A symptom of the disease is their lethargic appearance. This indicates a fungal disease.
It is urgent to spray the leaves of the plants with a solution of trace elements on both sides.
Trace elements raise immunity and the disease will recede. Diseased plants must be removed. If several plants are affected at once, then you need to spray them with chemicals.

In case of plant diseases, treatment is carried out by spraying with solutions:
- fungicides;
- microelements;
It is advisable to spray during warm weather in ventilated greenhouses.To do this, when constructing a greenhouse, it is necessary to provide for the presence of windows on both sides and on top.

Important!
Disease resistant seeds should be purchased.
In order to prevent diseases, it is necessary:
- neutralize the soil if it is acidic;
- timely add organic fertilizer;
- introduce beneficial bacteria;
- to destroy the tops after harvesting;
- regularly feed.

Conclusion

The approach to growing tomatoes in a greenhouse should be comprehensive. You need to have both organic and mineral fertilizers and chemical agents to avoid diseases. Maintain a comfortable temperature regime in the greenhouse.

Growing tomatoes in a greenhouse